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Top Reasons for Infertility in Men and Women

05-11-2025 Phular Ivf

Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide and is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse. Both men and women can face fertility challenges, and understanding the causes is the first step toward finding effective treatment.

Infertility affects both men and women almost equally. Understanding the common causes can help couples seek timely diagnosis and treatment.

Common Causes of Infertility in Women

1. Ovulation Disorders

   • Irregular or absent ovulation due to hormonal imbalance, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid problems, or excessive stress.

2. Fallopian Tube Damage or Blockage

   • Usually caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, or previous pelvic surgeries that affect egg transport.

3. Endometriosis

   • Growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus, which can interfere with fertilization and implantation.

4. Uterine or Cervical Problems

   • Fibroids, polyps, or abnormalities in the cervix or uterus can make it difficult for the embryo to implant.

5. Age-Related Decline in Fertility

   • Egg quality and quantity decrease with age, especially after 35.

6. Lifestyle Factors

   • Smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol or caffeine, poor nutrition, or high stress can reduce fertility potential.

Common Causes of Infertility in Men

1. Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia)

   • Fewer sperm in the semen reduce the chances of fertilizing an egg.

2. Poor Sperm Motility or Morphology

   • Sperm that do not swim properly or have abnormal shapes can’t reach or penetrate the egg effectively.

3. Varicocele

   • Enlarged veins in the scrotum can impair sperm quality and production.

4. Hormonal Imbalances

   • Low testosterone or other endocrine disorders affect sperm production.

5. Infections or STIs

   • Conditions like mumps orchitis or sexually transmitted infections can cause scarring or blockages.

6. Lifestyle & Environmental Factors

   • Smoking, alcohol, drug use, exposure to heat (saunas, laptops), toxins, radiation, and obesity.

7. Genetic or Anatomical Issues

   • Problems like undescended testes or Y-chromosome deletions may reduce fertility.

When to See a Fertility Specialist

Couples should consult a fertility expert if:

• They’ve been trying to conceive for 12 months (6 months if the woman is over 35) without success.

• There are known issues like irregular periods, prior miscarriages, or testicular problems.

How Phular IVF Hospital Can Help

At Phular IVF Hospital, Muzaffarpur, we offer:

• Advanced fertility diagnostics for both partners

• IVF, IUI, and ICSI treatments

• Counseling and lifestyle guidance

• Personalized care from experienced fertility specialists